Japan Airlines flight (JAL) 123 incident which occurred today 12 August 35 years ago or in 1985 became one of the deadliest single aircraft accidents in history. The Japan Airlines' Flight 123 that took off from Haneda Airport for Osaka at 6:04 p.m. on Aug. 12, 1985, crashed into a ridge of Mount Osutakayama in Gunma Prefecture at around 6:56 p.m. Kyodo News. This model also handles turbulence very well, since, as we covered in our article on the best planes for turbulence, the Airbus 340 appeared as number 2 in our list. Soon after the first sign of trouble, the plane began to sway and weave wildly and went into a steep descent, said Yumi Ochiai, 26, an assistant purser who is one of four survivors. When power was added again, the aircraft rapidly pitched up to 40 at 6:49:30p.m.,[3]:16 briefly stalling at 8,000 feet (2,400m). This ultimately caused the component to fail while JAL flight 123 was climbing through 23,900 feet on August 12th, 1985. (Flight engineer: "Hydro pressure all loss." The JAL Boeing 747, with 524 people aboard . It bore the letters AL, from the JAL in the airlines logo. Afterward, Captain Takahama contacted Tokyo Area Control Center to declare an emergency, and to request to return to Haneda Airport, descending and following emergency landing vectors to Oshima. 12th Aug, 2015. Onboard were a mix of passengers businessmen, families . The aircraft, featuring a high-density seating configuration, was carrying 524 people. The flight was around the Obon holiday period in Japan, when many Japanese people make yearly trips to their hometowns or resorts. Medical staff later found bodies with injuries suggesting that people had survived the crash only to die from shock, exposure overnight in the mountains, or injuries that, if tended to earlier, would not have been fatal. During this time, it had amassed a total of 25,030 flight hours across 18,835 cycles. The subsequent repair of the bulkhead did not conform to Boeing's approved repair methods. I saw a helicopter and waved, but it didnt appear to see me. Japan Airlines Flight 123 (123, Nihonkk 123 Bin Tsuirakujiko?) The shockwaves took an estimated 2.02.3 seconds to reach the seismometer, making the estimated time of the final crash 6:56:30p.m.[3]:10809, The aircraft's crash point, at an elevation of 1,565 metres (5,135ft), is in Sector 76, State Forest, 3577 Aza Hontani, Ouaza Narahara, Ueno Village, Tano District, Gunma Prefecture. Insiden penerbangan Japan Airlines (JAL) 123 yang terjadi hari ini 12 Agustus 35 tahun lalu atau pada 1985 menjadi salah satu kecelakaan pesawat tunggal paling mematikan dalam sejarah. All of these maneuvers produced no response. ``Tsuyoshi, take care of the family. The crash of JAL Flight 123, 10 years ago Saturday, was the worst single-plane disaster in aviation history, killing 520 people. It seemed like it was going straight down.. One passage of the note gives them particular comfort, the son says. At 6:55p.m., the captain requested flap extension, and the co-pilot called out a flap extension to 10 units, while the flaps were already being extended from 5 units at 6:54:30p.m.. The pressure bulkhead at the back of the Boeing 747s passenger cabin had ruptured, knocking off part of the rear fin and disabling all four hydraulic systems. [33], The crash led to the 2006 opening of the Safety Promotion Center,[34][35] which is located in the Daini Sogo Building on the grounds of Haneda Airport. At the same time, the automatic (oxygen) masks dropped and the prerecorded announcement began. At this point, hypoxia appears to have begun setting in, as the pilots did not respond. The crash was attributed to a missing tail fin that was likely structurally weakened because of frequent landings and takeoffs. Based on this report, JSDF personnel on the ground did not set out to the site on the night of the crash. All in all, the stricken jumbo jet stayed in the sky for some 32 minutes after the initial structural failure and decompression took place. Twelve minutes into the flight, as the plane reached 7,300 meters (24,000 feet), there was an explosion. [3] Ed Magnuson of Time magazine said that the area where the aircraft crashed was referred to as the "Tibet" of Gunma Prefecture. Can religion save us from Artificial Intelligence? Japan Airlines Flight 123 (123, Nihonkk 123 Bin) was a scheduled domestic Japan Airlines passenger flight from Tokyo 's Haneda Airport to Osaka International Airport, Japan. "Soon afterwards there were two or three very severe impacts. A thin, 19 1/2-inch-high piece of the tail fin, attached to a piece of fuselage, was all that was found of the tall tail fin at the crash site. Japanese prosecutors said Boeing and the U.S. Justice Department refused to question employees on their behalf. The company stated that they had been monitoring the emergency, and the flight engineer, having been notified by a flight attendant that the R-5 masks had stopped working, replied that they believed the R-5 door was broken and were making an emergency descent. On June 14, 1972 (LT), JAL flight 471 from Tokyo to London (Tokyo-Hong Kong-Bangkok-New Delhi-Teheran-Cairo-Rome-Frankfurt-London) took-off from Bangkok. Japan Airlines is Certified as a 5-Star Airline for the quality of its airport and onboard product and staff service. JA8119. The Boeing 747SR took off at 6.12pm local time, climbing to 24,000ft. [3]:324 At this time, the aircraft began to turn slowly to the left, while continuing to descend. Both Boeing and JAL took steps to improve inspection procedures. Max power. Source: ATDB.aero, Aviation Safety Network. There were only four, out of 524 who survived aboard Japan airlines flight 123, which left Tokyo's Haneda airport under the command of Captain Takahama. Posted on 25 fevereiro, 2023 by . However, the president of the company resigned, and Tominaga and Susumu Tajima, a maintenance manager and an engineer who cleared the plane for takeoff, committed suicide out of overwhelming guilt. With many of the aircraft's, The events of Flight 123 were featured in "Out of Control," a, It is featured in season 1, episode 2, of the TV show, The cockpit voice recording of the incident was incorporated into the script of a 1999 play called, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 21:26. The crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 in 1985 is notorious for being the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history: 505 passengers and 15 crew members were lost in the disaster. It is the deadliest single-aircraft accident in aviation history. This impact is speculated to have separated the remainder of the weakened tail from the airframe, the outer third of the right-wing, as well as the remaining three engines, which were "dispersed 500700 metres (1,6002,300ft) ahead". Japan Air Lines Flight 123 (Japanese: [1]) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Tokyo to Osaka, Japan. In 2019, Skytrax, a well-regarded airline rating website, awarded Japan Airlines the Worlds Best Economy Class and the Best Economy Class Airline Seat awards the fourth time JAL has earned the latter award since 2015. . If you're not sure how to activate it, please refer to this site. Cabin seats and cushions all around me broke loose, then came tumbling down on top of me. The crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 in 1985 is notorious for being the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history: 505 passengers and 15 crew members were lost in the disaster. [17] At about 6:24p.m. (or 12 minutes after takeoff), at near cruising altitude over Sagami Bay 3.5 miles (3.0nmi; 5.6km) east of Higashiizu, Shizuoka, the aircraft underwent rapid decompression[3]:83 bringing down the ceiling around the rear lavatories, damaging the unpressurized fuselage aft of the plane, unseating the vertical stabilizer, and severing all four hydraulic lines. The crash of Flight 123 is the deadliest single-aircraft accident in aviation history.[2]. Its destination was Itami Airport (ITM), a domestic hub serving the cities of Kobe, Kyoto, and Osaka. . A JAL technician explained to newsman Wednesday that the right rear door that Takahama reported broken was found intact at the crash site, still attached to a section of the fuselage. USAF F-22 Raptor fighter jet is widely considered the most powerful fighter jet and is not being sold to other countries. Route of Japan Airlines Flight 123. the aircraft was brought into an abnormal situation which greatly affected continuation of the flight. [30], In compliance with standard procedures, Japan Air Lines retired flight number 123 for their Haneda-Itami routes, changing it to Flight 121 and Flight 127 on September 1, 1985. Tsuyoshi Kawaguchi, who was a college student when his 52-year-old father died in the crash, is now a 31-year-old engineer. 2. The cause was an error by the flight engineer in combination with a lack of a sufficient warning system. ISBN 978 . [3]:291[19] During the period from 6:49:03 6:52:11p.m., Japan Air Tokyo attempted to call the aircraft via the selective-calling radio system. I dont know if a door flew off or not. [3]:19,91 After this impact, the aircraft flipped on its back, struck another ridge 570 metres (1,870ft) northwest from the second ridge, near Mount Takamagahara, and exploded. JAL123: "But now uncontrol." Murdoch has survived scandal after scandal. The unpressurized aircraft rose and fell in an altitude range of 20,00024,000 feet (6,1007,300m) for 18 minutes, from the moment of decompression until around 6:40p.m., with the pilots seemingly unable to figure out how to descend without flight controls. The airline said that an oxygen mask was discovered on June 24, 2022, on Mount Osutaka in Gunma Prefecture. Read another story from us:A US plane carrying four H-bombs crashed into sea ice in Greenland and exploded, contaminating the surrounding area with radiation in 1968. Product rating includes seats, amenities, food & beverages, IFE, cleanliness etc, and service rating is for both cabin staff and ground staff. For Visitors of Safety Promotion Center. On Monday, 12 August 1985 at 1812 local time, Japan Airlines Boeing 747SR-46 jetliner. A keen amateur photographer, he also recently reached the milestone of flying his 100th sector as a passenger. Colonel Dennis Nielsen carrying the three-year-old survivor to safety. JAL Flight 123 had crashed, leaving just four survivors. Finally, with all the strength I could muster, I was able to unfasten the seat belt. Rumors persisted that Boeing had admitted fault to cover up shortcomings in the airline's inspection procedures, thereby protecting the reputation of a major customer. Max power. The four survivors, all female, were seated on the left side and towards the middle of seat rows 54-60, in the rear of the aircraft. Corrections? The discovery came nearly a year after engine parts were also found in the same area. To learn more see our FAQ. The bulkhead, an aluminum-alloy partition, seals the rear of the passenger cabin from the non-pressurized tail section. 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Tsutomu Sakai, a JAL pilot, told a television interviewer here that losing the section of vertical stabilizer found in the bay would not, by itself, make the aircraft inoperable. Ajaibnya ada empat orang yang berhasil lolos dari maut. In this special documentary, a nurse reveals her story for the first time on TV, a newspaper photographer who . EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. Photo CreditQurren CC BY-SA 3.0. [13], As the flight connected two of the largest cities of Japan, a number of other celebrities also initially booked this flight, but ultimately avoided the tragedy by either switching to another flight or opting to use the Tokaido Shinkansen instead. The pilots possibly were focused, instead, on the cause of the explosion they heard, and the subsequent difficulty in controlling the jet. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Hong Kong court convicts activists behind Tiananmen vigil, Election conspiracies fuel dispute over voter fraud system, Arizona governor wont proceed with execution set by court, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; We are coming, sheriff says, Newsom, IRS give Californians until October to file tax returns, Californias snowpack is approaching an all-time record, with more on the way. The flight was around the Obon holiday period in Japan when many Japanese people make yearly trips to their hometowns or resorts. The Japanese Transport Ministry said it had not seen such documents. Power!"). However, the cracks eventually meant that the damaged bulkhead could no longer withstand the pressure changes experienced in flight. Latinx Files: In praise of Jenna Ortega, Aubrey Plaza and moody, deadpan Latinas, In his final days, Jimmy Carter on cusp of a humanitarian goal: Eradicating a parasitic worm, Civilians flee embattled town of Bakhmut as Ukrainian pullout looms. was a scheduled domestic Japan Airlines passenger flight from Haneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport) to Osaka International Airport, Japan. Tail strike, which occurs when an airplane tail contacts the runway during takeoff or landing, is an event that can be encountered by virtually all transport airplane designs. At this point, the pilots realized that the aircraft had become virtually uncontrollable, and Captain Takahama ordered the copilot to descend. An aircraft en route from Tokyo to Osaka crashed into a mountain near the town of Ito after rapidly . Rescue teams set out for the site the following morning. The incident is one of the deadliest single-plane crashes in history. A photograph taken from the ground confirmed that the vertical stabilizer was missing. The survivors were able to find shelter in a nearby cave and were eventually rescued by the Japanese military. . The pilot then excessively flared the aircraft, causing a severe tail strike on the second touchdown. During this time, there were no announcements from the cockpit, but a purser announced that an emergency situation had occurred. Most Powerful Fighter Jets: A List US Made F-22, China Made Chengdu J20 and More. 4. Japanese government investigators blamed the crash on improper repairs by Boeing Co., to the planes rear pressure bulkhead, and Boeing acknowledged that a faulty repair had been conducted after a minor accident involving the plane seven years earlier, in 1978. The captain repeated the order to reduce the bank, as the autopilot had disengaged. Captain: "Flap up?" Ochiai, who is hospitalized in stable condition in Fujioka, said she was in an aisle seat, 56C, in the third row from the back of the plane, almost directly below the point at which the front of the tail fin, or vertical stabilizer, is attached to the fuselage. However, it flew in a rather unorthodox manner, experiencing phenomena such as phugoid oscillations and Dutch rolls. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was on the fifth of its six planned flights of the day. Discover more of our stories here! Captain Takahama, alarmed, ordered First Officer Sasaki to bank the aircraft back ("Don't bank so much."). (2009), , .7, . We take these images as a constant reminder of how lucky we are to be alive and well. [3]:150 Due to the apparent loss of control, the aircraft did not follow Tokyo Control's directions and only turned right far enough to fly a north-westerly course. According to the accident report, "Suppressing of Dutch roll mode by use of the differential thrust between the right and left engines is estimated practically impossible for a pilot. ANA passes JAL as biggest international airline to/from Japan. The lower altitude and thicker air caused the cabin altitude alert to momentarily turn itself off at this time, before resuming for the rest of the flight. The impact registered on a seismometer located in the Shin-Etsu Earthquake Observatory at Tokyo University from 6:56:27p.m. as a small shock, to 6:56:32p.m. as a larger shock, believed to have been caused by the final crash. The Japanese Transportation Ministry disclosed the radar-tracked route the plane flew to its fate. On August 12, 1985, the Boeing 747 operating the service suffered a severe structural failure and decompression 12 minutes into the flight. With your current subscription plan you can comment on stories. This prompted it to bank sharply to the right, before the same wing clipped a ditch three seconds later. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Mount-Osutaka-airline-disaster. This damaged the rear of the aircraft's fuselage, as well as its rear pressure bulkhead, forcing it to be sidelined for repairs. However, aviation accidents do happen and they are usually extremely deadly, mainly because of the extreme forces involved and the heights from which planes fall to the ground. The plane fell to around 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). Case Study. Love aviation history? JAL Flight 123 had crashed, leaving just 4 survivors. Of 524 aboard only 4 survive: worst single-plane disaster ever. Kawaguchis notebook, recovered from his body, is carefully stored in a chest at the family home in Fujisawa, south of Tokyo. 5 of the 8 on board are killed, along with one on the ground injured. Captain: "Raise the nose. The Day of the Crash. National Geographic Documentary, Simulation of the final 32 minutes with the CVR, Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, suicide intended to atone for the incident, Japan Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism Minister, List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft, Nihonkk (kabu) shozoku Boeing 747 SR-100-gata JA8119 Gunma ken Tano-gun Ueno-mura, Aircraft Accident Investigation Report on Japan Air Lines JA8119, Boeing 747 SR-100 (Tentative Translation from Original in Japanese), Nihonkk kabushikigaisha shozoku bingu-shiki 747 SR-100-gata JA8119 ni kansuru kk jiko hkoku-sho, Dealing with Disaster with Japan: Responses to the Flight JL123 Crash, "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno", "Aircraft Accident Investigation Report Japan Air Lines Co., Ltd. Boeing 747 SR-100, JA8119 Gunma Prefecture, Japan August 12, 1985", "U.S. leaked crucial Boeing repair flaw that led to 1985 JAL jet crash: ex-officials", "() 747SR-100 JA8119", "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Osaka-Itami Airport (ITM)", "Jetliner Crashes with 524 Aboard in Central Japan", Jet Crash Kills Over 500 In Mountains of Japan, "Kin of JAL123 victims pray ahead of 35th anniversary of deadly 747 crash next month", "Special Report: Japan Air Lines Flight 123", "1985 air crash rescue botched, ex-airman says", "Case Details > Crash of Japan Air Lines B-747 at Mt. Almost immediately after the separation of the stabilizer, the aircraft began to exhibit Dutch roll, simultaneously yawing right and banking left, before yawing back left and banking right. At some points during the flight, the banking motion became very profound, with the banks in large arcs around 50 back and forth in cycles of 12 seconds. This made it the largest single airplane accident in history. Amazingly There Were Survivors of the Impact But Rescue Efforts Were Inexplicably Delayed. Sadly, the crash resulted in the deaths of 520 of the Boeing 747's occupants, with its four survivors all having sat towards the rear. 's Post-Crash Troubles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_123&oldid=1142338808, Crashed following in-flight structural failure. Londons investment appeal is unraveling as Arm heads to the U.S. Iceland shows the worldhow to run on reliable and clean energy, Family office of Nintendo heirs says patience is a superpower, Anger among Japan's opposition over plan to clear student debt for having babies, Japan's Cabinet backs use of GPS trackers for defendants on bail, Infinity and beyond: Yayoi Kusamas next evolution. In 1986, for the first time in a decade, fewer passengers boarded JAL's overseas flights during the New Year period than the previous year. Meanwhile, rescue parties made up of firefighters, police officers and 4,500 members of Japans Self-Defense Forces loaded 200 bodies onto helicopters at a hastily built heliport on a mountain ridge at the crash site and flew them to a makeshift morgue in a gymnasium in the nearby town of Fujioka. Co-pilot: "All loss?" JA8119 Flight 123 Accident (Mt. The shootdown would become the deadliest aviation disaster of 2020. After receiving clearance for ILS approach to New Delhi Palam Airport and making a 23 mile (43km) report from DME, the aircraft crashed into the banks of Yamuna River. Shortly afterward, the controller asked the crew to switch the radio frequency to 119.7 to talk to the Tokyo Approach ("Japan Air 123, switch the frequency to 119.7 please! Operations would be impossible.. An off-duty flight attendant who survived the Japan Air Lines disaster said Wednesday that about half an hour before the jumbo jet slammed into a mountain with 524 people aboard, she heard a loud bam sound overhead near the tail, the air in the cabin turned white and parts of the ceiling collapsed. The most recent instance of this involved an oxygen mask, which was likely unearthed by Typhoon Hagibis in 2019. Captain: "Power. Like many airlines around the world, Japan Airlines (JAL) no longer operates 747s. The planes cabin was depressurized and the passengers were immediately forced to wear oxygen masks. [31], In 2009, stairs with a handrail were installed to facilitate visitors' access to the crash site. But I was pinned between seats and couldnt move. Namely, four female passengers miraculously survived the disaster and lived to tell the tale. Ochiai, who suffered pelvic and arm fractures, told her story from a hospital bed as a third fragment from the planes rear section was discovered in Sagami Bay, 100 miles from the crash site. Captain: "No, look." The airplane operated on a flight from Tokyo-Haneda Airport (HND) to Osaka-Itami Airport (ITM). However, there were also four survivors of the crash, who managed to survive despite the catastrophic nature of the accident. According to data from ATDB.aero, this quadjet was around 11.5 years old at the time, having first entered service with Japan Airlines in February 1974. Aviation experts said the in-flight disintegration could explain why the pilot could not control the aircraft as it staggered far off course and plunged at sunset into remote, heavily forested 5,408-foot Mt. After that, I fastened my seat belt and assumed a safety position. As in each year previous, thousands of relatives were to make an anniversary pilgrimage to the crash site Saturday. 5 . It was the deadliest single accident in the history of . Nakasone agreed to accept Takagis resignation and was reported to be considering appointing Naoshi Machida, a former Transportation Ministry bureaucrat who is now a vice president of JAL, to succeed him. The incident is one of the deadliest single-plane crashes in history. No fatalities occurred among the 394 people on board, but 25 people were injured, 23 minor and 2 serious. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. After 12 minutes . More than 37 years later, Japan Airlines flight 123 . Also, the captain and co-pilot asked the flight engineer repeatedly if hydraulic pressure was lost, seemingly unable to comprehend it. Osutaka, JAL123 CVR (cockpit voice recorder) transcript, JAL123 CVR (cockpit voice recorder) audio of the final moments of flight, The record of JAL123 (Japanese with English place names), The New York Times: J.A.L. The crash of JL123 killed 520 people, leaving only four survivors. We are now flying in an emergency condition.. These include Sanma Akashiya, Masataka Itsumi and his family, Johnny Kitagawa, and the cast of Shten at the time. ", "Why Japan Air Lines Opened a Museum to Remember a Crash", "For Visitors of Safety Promotion Center Safety and Flight Information Information", "JAL Flight 123: Oxygen Mask Found Near 1985 Crash Site", "Discovery Channel TV Listings for March 15, 2012", "Japanese films reach for the sky, but it's a good bet JAL wishes this one had stayed grounded", "Step inside the cockpit of six real-life air disasters", Crash of Japan Air Lines B-747 at Mt. Domestic flight JAL 123 departed Tokyo's Haneda airport at 6:12 pm and was scheduled to land in saka one . After flying under minimal control for a further 32 minutes, the 747 crashed in the area of Mount Takamagahara, 100 kilometres (62mi; 54nmi) from Tokyo. On August 12, 1985, after 12 minutes of flight the Japan Airlines' Boeing 747 suffered an explosive decompression and 32 minutes later crashed 100 kilometers from Tokyo leaving only 4 survivors and 520 dead. The repair failed 12 minutes into the flight of JAL 123 at an altitude of 23,900 feet and at a speed of 300 knots over Sagami Bay. How to visit the Japan Airlines Safety Promotions Center . [3]:292 Captain Takahama immediately ordered the flaps to be retracted ("Hey, halt the flap"),[3]:326 and power was added abruptly, but still with engine power higher on the left vs. the right engines. Read More: 15 Titanic Survivors And Their Remarkable Stories. The damage was repaired by Boeing technicians, and the aircraft was returned to service. An airline spokesman repeated it at a news conference in Tokyo. Also, the decompression caused the crew to completely lose control of the planes hydraulics and the aircraft violently swerved and crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara, 100 kilometers from Tokyo. These routes still see widebody service today. Flight JL123 in Print and on Screen ( , .. 4 engine on landing at Chitose Air Base in poor visibility. [3]:16 This is possibly due to the effects of hypoxia at such altitudes, as the pilots seemed to have difficulty comprehending their situation as the aircraft pitched and rolled uncontrollably. The right rear cabin door, which the pilot, Capt. The heavily loaded plane was bound from Tokyos Haneda Airport to the western city of Osaka when it crashed in the Japanese Alps on Monday night. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.By subscribing, you can help us get the story right. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved JAL 123 Boeing 747-100 SR46 Boeing 19 1974 747 . An off-duty flight attendant who survived the Japan Air Lines disaster said Wednesday that about half an hour before the jumbo jet slammed into a mountain with 524 people aboard, she heard a loud . After more than an hour on the ground, Flight 123 pushed back from gate 18 at 6:04p.m.[3] and took off from Runway 15L[3] at Haneda Airport in ta, Tokyo, Japan, at 6:12p.m., 12 minutes behind schedule. The crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 in 1985 is notorious for being the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history: 505 passengers and 15 crew members were lostin the disaster. "), but the pilots did not acknowledge the request. Furthermore, this failure also ruptured the component in a manner that caused a five-meter section of the tail, as well as the APU, to be torn away from the jet. Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747, on its way to Tokyo to Osaka on August 12, 1985, crashed into a forested mountainside (BBC, 2008; BBC, 2005).